From responsibility to control: Censorship during the early normalisation period (September 1968 - August 1969)
نویسندگان
چکیده
TĂŠmatem studie je cenzurnĂ aparĂĄt se zvlĂĄĹĄtnĂm zĹetelem na systĂŠm zmocnÄncĹŻ v kontextu vlĂĄdnĂ a stranickĂŠ tiskovĂŠ politiky ÄeskoslovenskĂŠ socialistickĂŠ republice od zĂĄĹĂ 1968 do srpna 1969, tedy prvnĂm roce po vpĂĄdu vojsk VarĹĄavskĂŠ smlouvy. ZmocnÄnci pĹedstavovali ĂşstĹednĂ vĂ˝konnĂ˝ prvek cenzury tomto obdobĂ ranĂŠ normalizace. V jejich promÄĹujĂcĂm postavenĂ Ăşkolech identifikuje autor ÄtyĹi modely pĹedbÄĹžnĂŠ kontroly mĂŠdiĂ. V modelu zmocnÄnce vybĂrali ze svĂ˝ch zamÄstnancĹŻ sami vydavatelĂŠ redakce, Äinnost redaktorĹŻ tak zĂĄkladÄ pĹĂmĂ˝ch vlĂĄdnĂch pokynĹŻ kontrolovali kolegovĂŠ. Tento model uplatĹoval zĹĂzenĂ instituce celou sledovanou dobu, to v denĂcĂch tĂ˝denĂcĂch kancelĂĄĹi; zimÄ postupnÄ pĹidal ÄeskoslovenskĂ˝ rozhlas ÄeskoslovenskĂĄ televize. PonechĂĄval redakcĂm znaÄnĂ˝ prostor k obchĂĄzenĂ vyjednĂĄvĂĄnĂ podle hodnocenĂ ÄeskoslovenskĂŠho politickĂŠho vedenĂ, zejmĂŠna oÄĂch SovÄtĹŻ neosvÄdÄil. Ve druhĂŠm ĂşĹednĂ zmocnÄnci obtahy pĹedloĹženĂŠ redakcemi. Zaveden byl Ăşnoru 1969 ve vybranĂ˝ch problematickĂ˝ch Äasopisech (Listy, ReportĂŠr ZĂtĹek) z hlediska prosovÄtskĂŠ konsolidace rovnÄĹž nesplnil oÄekĂĄvĂĄnĂ. tĹetĂm ĂşĹednĂ, pĹĂpadnÄ armĂĄdnĂ dubna pĹĂmo redakcĂch zĂĄsahy byly hodnoceny jako znaÄnĂŠ zlepĹĄenĂ. tĂŠ dobÄ zvýťila role ÄeskĂŠho ĂşĹadu pro tisk informace, kterĂ˝ zaÄal samostatnÄ rozhodovat o jmenovĂĄnĂ zasahovat sloĹženĂ redakcĂ. ÄtvrtĂ˝ zmocnÄnci, kteĹĂ vĂ˝roÄĂ sovÄtskĂŠ intervence srpnu signĂĄlnĂ vĂ˝tisky tiskĂĄrnĂĄch. zpĹŻsob hodnocen jednoznaÄnĂ˝ ĂşspÄch. PotĂŠ tiskovĂ˝ ĂşĹad praxe upustil nahradil ji nĂĄslednou kontrolou spolu s cĂlenou personĂĄlnĂ politikou; poslednĂ doklady existenci systĂŠmu pochĂĄzejĂ roku 1971.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Soudobé d?jiny
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2695-0952', '1210-7050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51134/sod.2020.027